Images

Studio portrait of Leila Cornelius.

Studio portrait of Louis Caswell (left) and Benjamin Caswell (right).

Studio portrait of Benjamin Caswell.

The handwritten note on the reverse side reads: [Nellie Robertson] (5248) (16)

Studio portrait of Jason Betzinez. 

Studio portrait of Benjamin Caswell 

Handwritten caption along side of image probably reads: Benjamin Caswell.

Studio portrait of Susan Gibson. 

Studio portrait of Mary Johnson.

Note: There are two students named Mary Johnson. This is probably the Mary Johnson from the Stockbridge nation who arrived in 1888 when she was 15 years old and departed in 1892. The other Mary Johnson was from the Onondaga nation, arrived in November 1883 and departed in June 1884. No age was given for her.  

Studio portrait of Frank Campeau.

Note: A handwritten caption along the side of the image probably reads: Frank Campeau.

Studio portrait of Eliza Johnson. 

The printed note reads: HENRY PHILLIPS, THLINKET from Alaska, Entered Carlisle 1887 from Presbyterian Mission at Sitka; learned the Printers trade, and worked for some time in a machinist's shop doing good work; returned to Alaska 1892 continuing work as a machinist in Juneau.

Studio portrait of Lydia Gardner.

Studio portrait of Esther Johnson.

Studio portrait of two unidentified female students. 

Studio portrait of fifteen unidentified male students and seven unidentified female students with one white woman. Previous cataloging identifies this group as "Miss Adams' Class." 

There are no records for a teacher named Miss Adams. This is probably teacher Clara C. McAdam who taught between 1890 and 1893. 

Studio portrait of seventeen unidentified male students in school uniforms with one white man in the center of the group. 

Previous cataloging has interpreted the caption to indicate the group is Cheyenne and that the date is January 1890. 

Portrait of nineteen unidentified female students with a white woman, presumably a teacher, posed on the school grounds. 

Studio portrait of an infant posed in a cradleboard. 

This is a photograph of a photograph with the handwritten caption "Kiowa Pappoose." This image may have been taken of page 34 of Album 2 of the "Indian School Albums" now in the collection of the Cumberland County Historical Society (PA-CH2-034b), or it may have been taken before the print was added to the album. 

This photograph was originally taken by Frances Benjamin Johnston, probably at the Hampton Institute in 1899 when Johnston was there taking photographs of the Native American students. The image in the album may be a copy of the Johnston image, included among the images of Carlisle students, or it may be a copy made by Choate of the Johnston image, copied here again by Choate. 

Version 2 of this image, linked to in Related Images, is a print produced by Choate's studio. There is no indication that Choate credited Johnston for the original image. This was one of the photographs offered as a premium beginning in 1890 to subscribers of the school's Indian Helper newspaper, as were other photographs produced by (the others originally taken by) Choate. Those advertisements refer to this image as "pretty faced pappoose in Indian cradle."

Copies of the Johnston image are held by the Library of Congress (https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98519390/) and the Museum of Modern Art (https://www.moma.org/collection/works/57142). 

Note: The National Anthropological Archives has two different negatives, both images of the same print with the handwritten caption. They are NAA 73477 (NAA INV 06825100) and NAA 73527 (NAA INV  06830100). 

The guard house with three figures, probably two men and one boy, standing in front. One man is leaning on what appears to be a tree stump. Poles for electrical wires are visible behind the building. 

Previous cataloging assigns a date of 1897 to this image but it is not clear what this is based on.

This image appears in John N. Choate's Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School (Carlisle, PA: J. N. Choate, 1902). It was also used to create postcards, see Related Images below.

Second school building with many students on the porches and lined up to enter. 

This building was built in 1888, replacing the original school building.

Studio portrait of an unidentified female student. 

Portrait of T.J. Morgan, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, posed with Richard Henry Pratt and the school's teachers on the school grounds. 

The school newspapers reported a visited by Morgan to the school in February of 1890. It's possible that this photograph was taken at that time although the weather does not appear very wintry. 

The people and the way they are posed is almost identical to another sitting of this group in images: PA-CH2-027 and 10-A-06.

Studio portrait of teacher Alice M. Seabrook. 

Students working in the print shop. 

View of four buildings used as workshops on the school grounds.