Student file of White Buffalo, a member of the Cheyenne Nation, who entered the school on February 3, 1881, and departed on June 17, 1884. The file contains student information cards, newspaper clippings, and a report after leaving indicating that he was farming in Darlington, Oklahoma, in 1910. The record also indicates that he…
White Buffalo
![White Buffalo (White Headed Bull) Student File White Buffalo (White Headed Bull) Student File](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-ephemera/NARA_1327_b008_f0349_0008.jpg?itok=9NAtNnr-)
![Effie Hart Student Information Card Effie Hart Student Information Card](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-ephemera/NARA_1328_b005_c00h_0011.jpg?itok=odHpOaEW)
Student information card of Effie Hart, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on August 31, 1882 and departed on January 31, 1883.
![Amy White Buffalo Student Information Card Amy White Buffalo Student Information Card](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-ephemera/NARA_1329_b004_c00w_0021.jpg?itok=gTDpbgT7)
Student information card of Amy White Buffalo, a member of the Cheyenne Nation, who entered the school on February 10, 1903 and departed on September 30, 1904.
![Amy White Buffalo Student Information Card Amy White Buffalo Student Information Card](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-ephemera/NARA_1328_b004_c00w_0158_0.jpg?itok=bp18zHIx)
Student information card of Amy White Buffalo, a member of the Cheyenne Nation, who entered the school on February 10, 1903 and departed on September 30, 1904.
In school documentation Amy White Buffalo is also known as Emma White Buffalo.
![The School News (Vol. 3, No. 8) The School News (Vol. 3, No. 8)](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-pub/SchoolNews_v03n08.jpg?itok=OUNdaHPj)
Page one was entirely taken up by a letter from Summer Riggs (Cheyenne), in which he discussed visiting friends and how a white man wanted to learn his actual name, Marchewa, in his native language. Page two mentioned issues that some Congressmen have with rules and conditions students at the school. There was also a letter from White Buffalo…
![The Indian Helper (Vol. 1, No. 15) The Indian Helper (Vol. 1, No. 15)](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-pub/CCHS-IndianHelper_001_15_0001.jpg?itok=Qmww2VBL)
The first page opened with a poem titled "Suppose," followed by a story by P.B. called, "An Indian Story" about using the powers of observation to identify a thief. The other items on the page were two short geography queries. Page two recounted national news items including the hanging of Louis Riel for leading a Native American uprising in…
![Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School, 1902 Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School, 1902](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-pub/scis_cover_display.jpg?itok=JG5dGd3U)
A souvenir booklet from the Carlisle Indian School, published for their 23rd year. A short description of the aims and goals of the school is presented. Images of students as they first arrived, as well as important visiting chiefs, are given, as are before and after images including those of Tom Torlino. Extracurricular…
![Excerpt from Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1903 Excerpt from Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1903](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-pub/Annual-Report_1903_pg0001.jpg?itok=3q2Rje84)
An excerpt from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the fiscal year ending 1903, containing the Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. The report, submitted by Superintendent Richard Henry Pratt, includes a school population table and discussions of the…
![Our Boys and Girls, 1881 Our Boys and Girls, 1881](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CIS-P-0056.jpg?itok=WS2pmJYd)
The printed note on the reverse side reads: OUR BOYS AND GIRLS At the Indian Training School, Carlisle, Pa.
1. White Buffalo, Cheyenne, I. T.
2. Mittie Houston, Wichita, I. T.
3. Samuel Townsend, Pawnee, I. T.
4. Nancy Renville, Sisseston Sioux, D. T…
![White Buffalo in headdress White Buffalo in headdress](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/BS-CH-001b_c1%20front.jpg?itok=TZ64k0sD)
Studio portrait of student White Buffalo in Native dress wearing a feathered headdress.
![White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #1) [version 1], 1881 White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #1) [version 1], 1881](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CIS-P-0022.jpg?itok=od00ddVx)
Studio portrait of student White Buffalo in Native dress wearing a feather headdress and holding a bow and arrow.
The handwritten note on the reverse side reads: White Buffalo. Cheyenne. Native dress.
The Cumberland County Historical Society has two copies of this image: PA-CH2-003a and BS-CH-001a…
![White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #1) [version 2], 1881 White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #1) [version 2], 1881](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/scis_0009_0.jpg?itok=4hoVxqto)
The caption reads: WHITE BUFFALO – CHEYENNE. AT CARLISLE '81–'84.
This image appears in John N. Choate's Souvenir of the Carlisle Indian School (Carlisle, PA: J. N. Choate, 1902).
![White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #2), 1881 White Buffalo in headdress with bow and arrow (pose #2), 1881](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CCHS_csch028.jpg?itok=EHvxgPqT)
Studio portrait of White Buffalo wearing Native clothing including feathered headdress and holding a bow and arrow.
![White Buffalo, c.1882 White Buffalo, c.1882](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CIS-P-0023.jpg?itok=pq5gmuIu)
Studio portrait of White Buffalo.
The handwritten note on the reverse side reads: White Buffalo. Cheyenne.
Note: The Cumberland County Historical Society also has a copy of this image: PA-CH2-092b.
![White Buffalo, c.1883 White Buffalo, c.1883](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/13-26-02.jpg?itok=P4KfJ2Sj)
Studio portrait of White Buffalo.
![White Buffalo and six unidentified male Cheyenne students, c.1883 White Buffalo and six unidentified male Cheyenne students, c.1883](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CCHS_PA-CH2_002c.jpg?itok=R1n3xynu)
Studio portrait of seven male Cheyenne students. One is wearing a school uniform. White Buffalo is seated at the far left; the rest are unidentified.
A researcher has identified the person standing in the last row behind White Buffalo as Kise Williams.
![Cheyenne and Arapahoe Chiefs and Students Visiting Devil's Den, 1884 Cheyenne and Arapahoe Chiefs and Students Visiting Devil's Den, 1884](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/Gettysburg_visit%20100dpi.jpg?itok=gwLPwHs5)
Photo taken of visiting Cheyenne and Arapahoe Chiefs with Carlisle students and government employees at Devil's Den at the Gettysburg battlefield. The image is dated November 28, 1884.
One person is identified only as "Kise." It is not known if this is Kise (Red Wolf) or Kise Williams.
![Composite Images of the Carlisle Indian School Composite Images of the Carlisle Indian School](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/CIS-P-0065.jpg?itok=eQmLrK6n)
The handwritten note reads: CHOATE
The reverse side reads: Old Guard House Capt. R. H. Pratt Supt. Old Chapel. Supt. Quarters. Ass't Supt. Quarters Small Boys' Quarters. …
![Richard Henry Pratt and a Group of Former Students, c. 1903 Richard Henry Pratt and a Group of Former Students, c. 1903](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-photo/PI-FB03-06_001.jpg?itok=mbtIgNH3)
Group portrait of Richard Henry Pratt with a large number of male and female Native Americans and a few white people. There are some children in the group.
Among the group is former student White Buffalo, and it seems likely this is a group of former students who returned, along with Pratt, to attend the school's commencement in…
![Enrolling Cheyenne and Arapaho Students Enrolling Cheyenne and Arapaho Students](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-document/NARA_m234_r486_0128.jpg?itok=H08VV2qe)
John D. Miles, Agent for the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, tells Richard Henry Pratt that his agency gave students cattle to take care of over vacation. As students did not know about the money and effort involved in caring for the animals, Miles relays a suggestion from John Holmes Seger (from the Arapaho school) that male students sell their…
![Return Home of High Bear Jr. Return Home of High Bear Jr.](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-document/NARA_RG75_91_b0001_00121_0003.jpg?itok=Ds2mftfQ)
Richard Henry Pratt reports that the visit of Ponca Chiefs Harry Bear, Standing Eagle, and White Buffalo went well. He also notes that Chief Harry Bear asked that his son be returned home due to his falling ill multiple times at Carlisle. Pratt notes that he approved the return home of the student despite his condition improving following…
![Pratt Forwards Correspondence and Article Accusing White Buffalo of Murder Pratt Forwards Correspondence and Article Accusing White Buffalo of Murder](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-document/NARA_RG75_91_b2139_48100_0002.jpg?itok=LWuyfqmY)
Richard Henry Pratt forwards correspondence and a copy of the North American article regarding the article accusing White Buffalo of three murders.
![Pratt Forwards Article Accusing White Buffalo of Three Murders Pratt Forwards Article Accusing White Buffalo of Three Murders](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-document/NARA_RG75_91_b2136_46764_0002.jpg?itok=ERTTxppi)
Richard Henry Pratt forwards a copy of the Carlisle Weekly Herald which reprinted an article regarding accusations that White Buffalo killed three women. Pratt also forwards a copy of a telegram from the agent claiming that the article is entirely false. As a result Pratt requests the government bring a suit against the North…
![Alaskan Students at Carlisle and North American Libel Article Alaskan Students at Carlisle and North American Libel Article](/sites/default/files/styles/views_taxonomy/public/image-document/NARA_RG75_91_b2206_75009_0001.jpg?itok=z_K_DhLC)
Richard Henry Pratt provides a history of Alaskan students at the Carlisle Indian School and notes that their education has been accomplished through the use of extra funds.
Also included is a newspaper clipping from the North American concerning a libel case against the author of a previous article regarding murder accusations…